| Niagara Falls | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| City of Niagara Falls | |
| Skyline of Niagara Falls, Ontario | |
| Nickname(s): The Honeymoon Capital of the World; Las Vegas of Canada | |
| Motto: Unforgettable Weekends from $49 | |
| Location of Niagara Falls in the Niagara Region | |
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Niagara Falls
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Region | Niagara |
| Incorporated | June 12, 1903 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jim Diodati |
| • Governing body | Niagara Falls City Council |
| • MP | Rob Nicholson |
| • MPP | Kim Craitor |
| Area[1][2] | |
| • Land | 209.58 km2 (80.9 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 382.68 km2 (147.8 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,397.50 km2 (539.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2006)[1][2] | |
| • City | 82,184 (Ranked 60th) |
| • Density | 392.14/km2 (1,015.6/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 308,596 (Ranked 12th) |
| • Urban density | 545.02/km2 (1,411.6/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 390,317 (Ranked 12th) |
| • Metro density | 279.3/km2 (723.4/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EST (UTC−5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−4) |
| Postal Code | L2E,L2J,L2H,L2G |
| Area code(s) | 905, 289, 365 |
| Website | www.niagarafalls.ca |
Niagara Falls is a Canadian city on the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario. The municipality was incorporated on June 12, 1903. Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls, New York.
The city is dominated by the Niagara Falls, a world famous set of two large waterfalls on the Niagara River and benefits from the fact that both falls, the American and Horseshoe, can be best seen from the Canadian side of the river, thus presenting the city one of the major tourist attractions of the world. The natural spectacle brings in millions of tourists yearly. The city permitted the development of a tourist area along the falls and the gorge. This area which stretches along the Niagara Parkway and tourist promenade is particularly concentrated at the brink of the falls and, apart from the natural attractions along the river, includes huge parking lots, souvenir shops, observation towers, high-rise hotels, casinos and theatres, mostly with colourful neon billboards and advertisements. Further to the north or south there are golf courses alongside historic sites from the War of 1812.
The city had a population of 82,184 in the Canada 2006 Census.[1]
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The Niagara Falls area has seen continuous settlement since the 17th century, first by the Iroquois and then by Europeans who were drawn to the immense falls. Louis Hennepin, a French priest, is regarded as the first European to visit the area in the 1670s.
Tourism started in the early 19th century and has been a vital part of the local economy since that time. As well as the obvious attractions of the falls, Niagara Falls markets itself as a honeymoon destination and is self-proclaimed as the honeymoon capital of the world.
In 1856, the town of Clifton was incorporated. The name of the town was changed to Niagara Falls in 1881. In 1882, the community of Drummondville (located near the present day corner of Lundy's Lane and Main Street) incorporated itself as the village of Niagara Falls. Thus there were two municipalities named Niagara Falls at the time (with the village being referred to as Niagara Falls South to differentiate it from the town). In 1904, the town and village finally amalgamated to form the City of Niagara Falls.
In 1953, Marilyn Monroe filmed Niagara, a major event for the city.
In 1962, the city amalgamated with the surrounding Stamford Township, resulting in a doubling of population.
With the creation of a Niagara regional government in 1970, the city absorbed the village of Chippawa, Willoughby Township and part of Crowland Township, creating the present-day municipal boundaries.
The city's official historian is Sherman Zavitz, who gives regular radio broadcasts on many aspects of Niagara's history.[3]
Niagara Falls, Ontario is 130 kilometers (81 mi) from Toronto by road. The area of the Niagara Region is 1800 square kilometers (718 sq mi). The city sits at .
The city is built along the Niagara Falls waterfalls and the Niagara Gorge on the Niagara River which flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.
The city of Niagara Falls experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) which is moderated to an extent in all seasons by proximity to water bodies. In winter it can receive snow-squalls from both Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, which it is located between.[4]
| Climate data for Niagara Falls | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.2 (72.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
33 (91) |
35 (95) |
34.6 (94.3) |
38.4 (101.1) |
50.0 (122.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
50.0 (122.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26 (79) |
21.3 (70.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
1 (34) |
7.3 (45.1) |
14 (57) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
4.6 (40.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25 (−13) |
−25 (−13) |
−20 (−4) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
4 (39) |
0 (32) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−24 (−11) |
−25 (−13) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 69.5 (2.736) |
67.4 (2.654) |
75.5 (2.972) |
75.5 (2.972) |
76.5 (3.012) |
87.5 (3.445) |
75.4 (2.969) |
81.6 (3.213) |
95.2 (3.748) |
84.3 (3.319) |
91 (3.58) |
90.7 (3.571) |
970.2 (38.197) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 27.2 (1.071) |
28.5 (1.122) |
55.6 (2.189) |
68.2 (2.685) |
75.6 (2.976) |
87.5 (3.445) |
75.4 (2.969) |
81.6 (3.213) |
95.2 (3.748) |
83.7 (3.295) |
79.4 (3.126) |
50.6 (1.992) |
808.6 (31.835) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 42.2 (16.61) |
38.9 (15.31) |
20 (7.9) |
7.3 (2.87) |
0.9 (0.35) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.6 (0.24) |
11.6 (4.57) |
40.1 (15.79) |
161.6 (63.62) |
| Source: Environment Canada[5] | |||||||||||||
With a plentiful and inexpensive source of hydroelectric power via the waterfalls, many electro-chemical and electro-metallurgical industries located here in the early to mid-20th century.
Industry began moving out of the city in the 1970s and 80s because of economic recession and increasing global competition in the manufacturing sector. Tourism increasingly became the city's most important source of revenue. Generally speaking, Niagara Falls, Ontario is a more popular destination than Niagara Falls, New York, in part due to the better view of the falls from the Canadian side of the river, combined in the past with a favourable exchange rate when comparing Canadian and U.S. currencies, and a greater focus on tourism. Also, Ontario's legal drinking age of 19, in comparison to a legal drinking age of 21 in the U.S., attracts 19 and 20-year-old potential alcohol consumers from across the border.
In the mid-1990s the Ontario government introduced legal wagering to the local economy with Casino Niagara. The late-1990s witnessed an economic boom as numerous luxury hotels and tourist attractions were built. The first casino was followed in 2004 by the larger Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort. Upon launching, the casino business was successful in attracting American tourists due to the then lower Canadian dollar. The presence of these casinos has made Niagara Falls the "Las Vegas of Canada". The casino business is still very successful, but now competes with the new Seneca Niagara Casino on the American side. Closer to parity, currency has not seriously affected tourism due to the difference in overall offerings between the two countries, with Niagara Falls, Ontario having more attractions and a more vibrant downtown, compared with a prolonged economic downturn and an empty downtown in Niagara Falls, New York.
The recent development has been almost completely centred on the Clifton Hill and Fallsview areas. The Niagara Falls downtown (Queen Street) is undergoing a major revitalization process; this area is being developed into an arts and culture district. The downtown was a major centre for local commerce and night life up until the 1970s, when the development of the Niagara Square Shopping Centre began to draw away crowds and retailers. Since 2006 Historic Niagara has brought art galleries, boutiques, cafés and bistros to the street and includes the renovation of the Seneca Theatre.
Niagara Falls City Council consists of eight councillors and a mayor. City elections take place every four years with the last election held on October 25, 2010. Council is responsible for policy and decision making, monitoring the operation and performance of the city, analysing and approving budgets and determining spending priorities. Due to regulations put forward by the Municipal Elections Act 2001, elections are held on the fourth Monday in October except for religious holidays or if a member of council or if the mayor resigns.
| Census | Population |
|---|---|
| 1881 | 2,347 |
| 1891 | 3,349 |
| 1901 | 4,244 |
| 1911 | 9,248 |
| 1921 | 14,764 |
| 1931 | 19,046 |
| 1941 | 20,371 |
| 1951 | 22,874 |
| 1961 | 22,351 |
| 1971 | 67,163 |
| 1981 | 70,960 |
| 1991 | 75,399 |
| 2001 | 78,815 |
| 2006 | 82,184 |
| Est. 2008 | 83,000 |
| Ethnic Origin | Population | |
|---|---|---|
| English | 22,880 | |
| Italian | 15,425 | |
| Scottish | 13,910 | |
| Irish | 11,200 | |
| French | 8,710 | |
| Source: 2001 Census of Canada[6] | ||
In 2006, the population of Niagara Falls was 82,184 persons, an increase of 4.3 percent from the previous 2001 census, slightly below national growth, while the metropolitan area enumerated 427,421 people. The population of Niagara Falls is older than Canada in general in terms of age structure. Youths under 14 years of age number 18.09%, while those of retirement age number 17.03% showing a continuous ageing trend. Some 5,130 (6.57%) inhabitants described themselves visible minorities (non-white/non-European) with the majority of those being Black and Chinese people.[1]
83.97% of Niagara Falls city residents self-identified with Christian denominations. The largest denominations consist of Catholic (41.99%), Protestant (36.80%), and 5.18% other Christian mostly Eastern Orthodox, 14.10% claimed no religious affiliation, while other religions (1.93%) including Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, and Muslim accounted for the rest.[7]
Niagara Falls has one post-secondary institution in the city and another in the Niagara Region as well is served by the District School Board of Niagara and the Niagara Catholic District School Board which operate elementary and secondary schools in the region. There are also numerous private institutions offer alternatives to the traditional education systems.
Niagara Falls is also served by a growing library system composed of four branches, with the main branch located in the downtown area. It is visited by over 10,000 people weekly. The Niagara Falls Public Library system's goals include preserving and indexing public materials relating to the history of Niagara Falls. An extensive online database exists with over 20,000 photographs and art works at Historic Niagara Digital Collections
The Niagara Falls, Ontario tourist district is mainly centred around the waterfalls. Much of the land adjoining the river is parkland under the jurisdiction of the Niagara Parks Commission. Many attractions based on the local natural environment have been created. The city of Niagara Falls has a number of additional attractions in close proximity but not related to the natural features, including casinos and entertainment complexes. One new attraction, located in the Table Rock Centre at the brink of the Horseshoe Falls, is called Niagara's Fury and is a representation of how the Falls were created. The attraction creates a simulated ice age environment where the visitor is able to feel rain and snow fall, as well as experience a rapid temperature drop. The Niagara Peninsula is also a significant wine-growing area, with winery tours and festivals becoming a significant area of growth in the local economy. The Canadian side of Niagara Falls has more attractions.
Niagara Falls and Niagara Falls, New York are linked to major highways in Canada and the United States respectively, with the Queen Elizabeth Way acting as a major artery between Toronto and Buffalo, New York. Highway 420 (along with Niagara Regional Road 420) connect the Rainbow Bridge to the QEW. The Whirlpool Bridge is located at the end of Bridge Street. The Niagara Parkway is a road operated under the Niagara Parks Commission which connects Niagara-on-the-Lake to Fort Erie via Niagara Falls.
Niagara Falls formerly had King's Highways passing through the city. These included:
Shuttle bus services connect the city with all three airports.
Niagara Falls is served by two main local newspapers, three radio stations and a community television channel. All other media is regionally based, as well, from Hamilton and Toronto.
Niagara Falls is considered part of the Toronto television market rather than the Buffalo television market. Toronto is an hour and a half northwest. However, it is considered part of the Buffalo radio market.
Due to its proximity to Toronto, the local media is dominated by Toronto outlets. Local residents have easy access to the papers like the Toronto Star and the Toronto Sun.
Local newspapers are:
The area is otherwise served by stations from Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo.
Television stations from Toronto and Buffalo are also widely available.
| Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FC Niagara Falls Srbija | Niagara Falls Soccer League | Soccer | St. George Serbian Orthodox Church | 1974 |
7 |
| Niagara Falls Canucks | Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League | Hockey | Gale Centre | c. 1971 |
2 |
The Niagara Stars of the defunct Canadian Baseball League played in Welland, Ontario and the Niagara IceDogs play in St. Catharines, Ontario.
| St. Catharines | Niagara-on-the-Lake | Niagara River / Lewiston (NY) | ||
| Thorold Welland |
Niagara River / Niagara Falls, NY Grand Island (NY) |
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| Niagara Falls | ||||
| Port Colborne | Fort Erie |
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